Approaches to Heart Surgery

How is Heart Surgery Performed?

For decades, cardiac surgery was performed as an open-heart procedure, meaning that surgeons accessed the heart by making a large incision down the middle of the chest. In many cases, this is still the best way to perform heart surgery, but over the years, new techniques have been developed to provide safe and effective alternatives.

What is Open-Heart Surgery?

In open-heart surgery (or just “open surgery”), an incision is made through the breastbone (sternum), which is then spread apart. This is called a full or median sternotomy. After the operation is complete, the breastbone is closed with stainless steel wires and the skin is sutured closed.

What is Minimally Invasive Heart Surgery?

In minimally-invasive heart surgery, special surgical instruments (including high-tech cameras), are inserted through tiny incisions in the chest or rib cage. The number and location of incisions will depend on the specific disease process and patient anatomy. People who qualify for minimally invasive options typically have faster recovery, reduced risk of infection, and a better cosmetic outcome.

What is Robotic Heart Surgery?

Robotic heart surgery is a form of minimally invasive surgery. In robotic heart surgery, a cardiac surgeon directs the movements of a machine designed to make highly precise movements. The robot is a surgical tool, and it is controlled entirely by the surgeon.

What are Percutaneous Heart Procedures?

Percutaneous – also know as interventional - procedures are performed by inserting a tiny tube called a catheter into a vein or artery in the leg or arm. The catheter tube is then threaded into the heart. Tools and instruments can then be passed through the tube to the site of the problem.